REPORTED SPEECH(2) REPORTED COMMANDS AND REQUESTS

Requests

and commands are formed using the "to-infinitive" in statements and "not + to-infinitive" in negative statements. If we report somebody's commands, we use the verb told. If it's a request, the word used in the main clause is usually asked.

Solicita las órdenes, son formadas usando "el a infinitivo" en declaraciones " y no + a infinitivo " en declaraciones negativas. Si relatamos de alguien órdenes, usamos el verbo dicho. Si esto es una petición, la palabra usada en su mayoría por lo general preguntan la causa 

Reported commands, negations Examples

 

1) Karen:"Don't play football in the garden!" Karen told me not to play football in the garden. 2) Teacher:"Don't forget your homework!" The teacher reminded me not to forget my homework. 3) Mike:"Don't shout at Peter!" Mike told me not to shout at Peter. 4) Yvonne:"Don't talk to your neighbour!" Yvonne told me not to talk to my neighbour. 5) Denise:"Don't open the door!" Denise told me not to open the door. 6) Marcel:"Don't sing that song!" Marcel reminded me not to sing that song. 7) Jane:"Don't watch the new film!" Jane advised me not to watch the new film. 8) Walter:"Don't ring Romy on Sunday!" Walter told me not to ring Romy on Sunday. 9) Lisa:"Don't fly via Paris!" Lisa advised me not to fly via Paris. 10) Jamie:"Don't eat so much junk food!" Jamie reminded me not to eat so much junk food.

Excepciones:

a.     Verdades universales: No debe haber cambios en los tiempos verbales cuando una frase expresa un hecho supuestamente universal y no aplicable solamente al tiempo en la que se dijo.

Socrates said, “Virtue is knowledge”    Socrates said that virtue is knowledge

b.     Acciones habituales: Una acción habitual es algo que normalmente no cambia

He said,”I get up at seven everyday”    He said he gets up at seven everyday

c.      Frases condicionales: Las frases condicionales que implican una condicion improbable (Tipo II) o imposibles (Tipo III) tampoco cambian en estilo indirecto.

He said, “ If he came I would be surprised” 

He said that if he came he would be surprised

Cambios en los pronombres

         Los pronombres personales y los adjetivos y pronombres posesivos cambian de primera o segunda persona a tercera.

They said, “ We’ve brought our books; the books on the desk are ours”

They said that they had brought thair books and they said that the book on the desk were theirs.

 Además, observa como cambian también this y these que cambian a that y those respectivamente

 He said, “These are my books”    He said that those were his book

Cambios en los adverbios y frases adverbiales:

Estilo Directo                Estilo indirecto

Today                           that day

Yesterday                      the day before/the previous day

Tomorrow                     the day after/the next day/the following day

Next week/year             the following week/year

Last week/year              the previous week/year

Here                              there

Now                              Then

He said, “I’ll see you tomorrow” 

He said he would see him the following day

 Otros cambios

Estilo Directo                Estilo indirecto

Ago                               before

Come                                      go                       

Bring                             take

He said, ”I saw him four days ago”

He said he had seen him four days before

Exclamaciones

Las exclamaciones tienen el mismo tratamiento que las aseveraciones

E.g. “What a dreadful thing!” o “How dreadful!”    He said that it was a dreadful thing/that it was dreadful

“Yes” y “No” en Estilo indirecto

Yes y No se expresan en estilo indirecto mediante la fórmula Sujeto + verbo auxiliar apropiado: He said, “Can you swim?” and I said, “No”

                  He asked (me) if I could swim and I answered that I couldn’t

               He said, “Will you have time to do it?” and I said, “yes”

              He asked if I would have time to do it and I answered that I would

REPORTED REQUESTS AND COMMANDS

REQUEST: appeal, petition, asking (pedido, solicitud, requerimiento, in Spanish) COMMAND: order (orden, in Spanish) In reported requests and commands we often use the verbs ASK (for requests) and TELL (for commands). However, these verbs are not used in the same way as in reported statements or reported questions, and they are followed by an INFINITIVE STRUCTURE: STANDARD USE: e.g. She asked, "Do you know them?"       She asked asked me if I knew them. COMMANDS: She said, "Please, be quiet !!"       She asked me TO BE QUIET. (infinitive structure) STANDARD USE: e.g. He said, "I will come home"       He told me he would come. STANDARD USE: e.g. He said, "I will come home"       He told me he would come. COMMANDS: He ordered, "Sit down !!"       He told me TO SIT DOWN. Other verbs that use this INFINITIVE STRUCTURE include:

VERBS

English

Spanish

advise command compel expect instruct invite order persuade recommend remind request urge warn

give an advice order force, oblige look forward give instructions offer someone an invitation tell someone to do something cause someone to do something give a recommendation recall someone from memory ask for encourage notify of danger or risk

aconsejar ordenar forzar, obligar esperar instruir invitar ordenar persuadir recomendar recordar a alguien (que haga algo) solicitar alentar, estimular advertir, alertar.

Reported commands, negations 

1) Karen:"Don't play football in the garden!" Karen told me not to play football in the garden. 2) Teacher:"Don't forget your homework!" The teacher reminded me not to forget my homework. 3) Mike:"Don't shout at Peter!" Mike told me not to shout at Peter. 4) Yvonne:"Don't talk to your neighbour!" Yvonne told me not to talk to my neighbour. 5) Denise:"Don't open the door!" Denise told me not to open the door. 6) Marcel:"Don't sing that song!" Marcel reminded me not to sing that song. 7) Jane:"Don't watch the new film!" Jane advised me not to watch the new film. 8) Walter:"Don't ring Romy on Sunday!" Walter told me not to ring Romy on Sunday. 9) Lisa:"Don't fly via Paris!" Lisa advised me not to fly via Paris. 10) Jamie:"Don't eat so much junk food!" Jamie reminded me not to eat so much junk food.

exercises/ejercicios

REPORTED SPEECH: commands and requests


1. "Don't shout at me", she told him angrily.
She told him___________________________

2. "Don't bathe when the red flag is flying" the lifeguard said to us.
The lifeguard told us________________________

3."Please, swith off your mobile phone", the air hostess told him.
The air hostess__________________________

4." Please, don't drink any more", he told his friend.
He asked_______________________

5. "Be very careful crossing roads" she told her daughter.
She asked her daughter________________________

6. "Don' t go near the water, children" the teacher said.
The teacher ordered____________________________

Other exercises/otros ejercicios

1)http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands.htm

2)http://ingles.iesboliches.org/activities/grammar/reported/commands_and_requests.htm
3)

http://ingles.iesboliches.org/activities/grammar/reported/commands_and_requests.htm

 


Answers/repuestas

a) to be very careful crossing roads
b) his friend not to drink any more
c) asked him to switch off his mobile phone
d) not to bathe when the red flag was flying
e) not to shout at her
f) the children not to go near the water