Solicita las órdenes, son formadas usando "el a infinitivo" en declaraciones " y no + a infinitivo " en declaraciones negativas. Si relatamos de alguien órdenes, usamos el verbo dicho. Si esto es una petición, la palabra usada en su mayoría por lo general preguntan la causa
Reported commands, negations Examples
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Excepciones:
a. Verdades universales: No debe haber cambios en los tiempos verbales cuando una frase expresa un hecho supuestamente universal y no aplicable solamente al tiempo en la que se dijo.
Socrates said, “Virtue is knowledge” Socrates said that virtue is knowledge
b. Acciones habituales: Una acción habitual es algo que normalmente no cambia
He said,”I get up at seven everyday” He said he gets up at seven everyday
c. Frases condicionales: Las frases condicionales que implican una condicion improbable (Tipo II) o imposibles (Tipo III) tampoco cambian en estilo indirecto.
He said, “ If he came I would be surprised”
He said that if he came he would be surprised
Cambios en los pronombres
Los pronombres personales y los adjetivos y pronombres posesivos cambian de primera o segunda persona a tercera.
They said, “ We’ve brought our books; the books on the desk are ours”
They said that they had brought thair books and they said that the book on the desk were theirs.
Además, observa como cambian también this y these que cambian a that y those respectivamente
He said, “These are my books” He said that those were his book
Cambios en los adverbios y frases adverbiales:
Estilo Directo Estilo indirecto
Today that day
Yesterday the day before/the previous day
Tomorrow the day after/the next day/the following day
Next week/year the following week/year
Last week/year the previous week/year
Here there
Now Then
He said, “I’ll see you tomorrow”
He said he would see him the following day
Otros cambios
Estilo Directo Estilo indirecto
Ago before
Come go
Bring take
He said, ”I saw him four days ago”
He said he had seen him four days before
Exclamaciones
Las exclamaciones tienen el mismo tratamiento que las aseveraciones
E.g. “What a dreadful thing!” o “How dreadful!” He said that it was a dreadful thing/that it was dreadful
“Yes” y “No” en Estilo indirecto
Yes y No se expresan en estilo indirecto mediante la fórmula Sujeto + verbo auxiliar apropiado: He said, “Can you swim?” and I said, “No”
He asked (me) if I could swim and I answered that I couldn’t
He said, “Will you have time to do it?” and I said, “yes”
He asked if I would have time to do it and I answered that I would
REPORTED REQUESTS AND COMMANDS
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REQUEST: appeal, petition, asking (pedido, solicitud, requerimiento, in Spanish)
COMMAND: order (orden, in Spanish) In reported requests and commands we often use the verbs ASK (for requests) and TELL (for commands). However, these verbs are not used in the same way as in reported statements or reported questions, and they are followed by an INFINITIVE STRUCTURE: STANDARD USE: e.g. She asked, "Do you know them?" COMMANDS: She said, "Please, be quiet !!" STANDARD USE: e.g. He said, "I will come home" STANDARD USE: e.g. He said, "I will come home" COMMANDS: He ordered, "Sit down !!" Other verbs that use this INFINITIVE STRUCTURE include: |
VERBS
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English
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Spanish
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advise
command compel expect instruct invite order persuade recommend remind request urge warn |
give an advice
order force, oblige look forward give instructions offer someone an invitation tell someone to do something cause someone to do something give a recommendation recall someone from memory ask for encourage notify of danger or risk |
aconsejar
ordenar forzar, obligar esperar instruir invitar ordenar persuadir recomendar recordar a alguien (que haga algo) solicitar alentar, estimular advertir, alertar. |
Reported commands, negations
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exercises/ejercicios
REPORTED SPEECH: commands and requests
1. "Don't shout at me", she told him angrily.
She told him___________________________
2. "Don't bathe when the red flag is flying" the lifeguard said to us.
The lifeguard told us________________________
3."Please, swith off your mobile phone", the air hostess told him.
The air hostess__________________________
4." Please, don't drink any more", he told his friend.
He asked_______________________
5. "Be very careful crossing roads" she told her daughter.
She asked her daughter________________________
6. "Don' t go near the water, children" the teacher said.
The teacher ordered____________________________
1. "Don't shout at me", she told him angrily.
She told him___________________________
2. "Don't bathe when the red flag is flying" the lifeguard said to us.
The lifeguard told us________________________
3."Please, swith off your mobile phone", the air hostess told him.
The air hostess__________________________
4." Please, don't drink any more", he told his friend.
He asked_______________________
5. "Be very careful crossing roads" she told her daughter.
She asked her daughter________________________
6. "Don' t go near the water, children" the teacher said.
The teacher ordered____________________________
Other exercises/otros ejercicios
2)http://ingles.iesboliches.org/activities/grammar/reported/commands_and_requests.htm
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3)
Answers/repuestas
a) to be very careful crossing roads
b) his friend not to drink any more
c) asked him to switch off his mobile phone
d) not to bathe when the red flag was flying
e) not to shout at her
f) the children not to go near the water
